Inflammation of the urinary tract is a common problem not only among women; half of humanity also suffers from this disease, but less often due to physiological characteristics.The main symptoms of cystitis in men: increased frequency of urination and its pain, discomfort and pain in the suprapubic region, impurities in the urine.Therapy involves the use of antimicrobial drugs and various procedures.
What is cystitis
A bacterial infection leads to inflammation of the bladder.It occurs when pathogens enter the target organ through the urethra.The disease is classified as an infection of the lower urinary tract.The male urethra is longer than the female urethra, so cystitis is less common in the stronger half of humanity than in women.
Reasons
Following simple rules of personal hygiene will allow a young man to avoid cystitis with almost one hundred percent probability.At an older age, the risk of the disease increases.Cystitis is often caused by other ailments, such as urethral stricture, urolithiasis, and chronic sexually transmitted infections.Weakened immunity is also a trigger, and this is often caused by the use of cytostatics and hormonal drugs.
The cause of cystitis in women is an ascending infection from the urethra, vagina, anus, while in men it spreads from the urethra, epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicles.The presence of urological problems leading to narrowing of the urethra and stagnation of urine can cause the disease.Blockage of the urethra by any foreign body, stones, diverticula (protrusion of the organ wall), prostate adenoma can lead to cystitis.
Since it is difficult for infection to penetrate a man’s bladder, cystitis can occur against the background of other diseases, such as vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, prostatitis, and epididymitis.Urogenital infection occurs when infected with ureaplasma, treponema pallidum (syphilis), gonococcus, mycoplasma, staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, enterococci, trichomonas, chlamydia, proteus, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, fungi(candidiasis), Klebsiella, Listeria or coliform bacteria.
The infection can also be of a descending nature if caused by renal tuberculosis or pyelonephritis.Favorable conditions for the development of cystitis can be the presence of bad habits, stress, poor nutrition, and excessive physical activity.Sinusitis, flu, chronic tonsillitis, although they first affect the respiratory system, can spread through the bloodstream to other organs and introduce bacteria into the bladder.This leads to the fact that cystitis often occurs as a complication of infectious diseases.
The infection can be introduced by doctors in the hospital during catheterization or cystoscopy.Other contributing factors to the disease include diabetes mellitus, hypothermia, stress, lack of sleep, abdominal surgery, prostate resection, transurethral surgery, and malignant tumors of the urethra and prostate.
The first signs of cystitis in men
If there is a suspicion of an inflammatory process, then treatment should not be delayed.Cystitis in men is diagnosed and antibiotics are prescribed.The first signs of the disease can be detected independently if:
- frequent urination
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- burning when urinating;
- blood, mucus and pus in the urine;
- general weakness, temperature above normal (37°C).
Symptoms
Male cystitis is determined by pronounced symptoms.The development of the disease in an acute form is indicated by increased frequency of urination, difficulty and painful sensations in the lower abdomen, and cloudy urine.If these phenomena occur, it is necessary to see a urologist as soon as possible.Frequent urge to urinate is one of the main symptoms of cystitis, while a very small amount of liquid may come out during one trip to the toilet, and incontinence often occurs.
With cystitis, a man may need to make an effort to start urinating.Painful sensations, burning or stinging also occur, which are especially strong at the beginning and at the final stage of urination.The pain varies in strength and intensity and can be accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the penis, perineum, and pubic area.Symptoms of cystitis in men are complemented by elevated body temperature, headache, fatigue, weakness, increased sweating, chills, and decreased appetite.
With the hemorrhagic, gangrenous form of cystitis, the urine becomes cloudy.There may be blood and mucus in it, and a sharp, unpleasant smell of rot appears.The volume of urine is reduced to 400 ml per day.Symptoms of cystitis in men are mild if the chronic form is observed.Almost no pain is felt, the frequency of urination increases slightly, and only mucus is present in the urine.This form of the disease has periods of exacerbation and remission.
Chronic cystitis
This form is characterized by scant symptoms and often has a continuously stable or wavy course.So the complications of cystitis in men in chronic form are as follows:
- leukocyturia persists (increased number of leukocytes in the urine);
- pyuria (presence of pus in the urine);
- proteinuria (excretion of protein in urine in excess of normal);
- macroscopic or microscopic hematuria (the presence of blood in the urine);
- the presence of mucus in the urine.
Spicy
This form of cystitis has extensive symptoms.The main manifestations indicating the acute phase are as follows:
- frequent urination, including nocturia (predominance of nocturnal diuresis);
- imperative urges;
- stranguria (pain, difficulty urinating);
- cloudy urine;
- terminal hematuria;
- fever, chills, decreased ability to work;
- pain, stinging and burning when urinating,
- pain in the suprapubic region, penis, groin, scrotum;
- decrease in urine volume (up to 10-20 ml);
- development of incontinence;
- leukocyturia, hematuria, pyuria.
- intoxication (with hemorrhagic, gangrenous or phlegmonous form);
- cloudy color of urine, putrid odor of discharge, presence of impurities of cut and mucus.
Treatment
To prevent inflammation of the bladder, prevention of cystitis in men is important.If, nevertheless, it was not possible to protect yourself and the first signs of the disease appear, then you need to visit a specialist as soon as possible.Therapy is prescribed only after the urologist collects a complete history and conducts examinations.Acute cystitis, accompanied by severe pain and persistent urinary retention, will require hospital treatment and a detailed study of the processes occurring in the body to determine the type of pathogenic microorganism.The following are recommended as general therapies:
- Bed rest during the acute period of the disease, the use of antipyretics, consumption of large amounts of fluid (up to 2.5 liters per day), adherence to a diet in the absence of sour, spicy and salty foods in the diet.
- Antibiotics.After the pathogen has been identified, antimicrobial agents are prescribed.The most common are fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans, and cephalosporins.The drugs are taken for a week.
- Phytotherapy.Diuretic and anti-inflammatory herbal remedies are effective against cystitis.Herbal teas (bearberry, horsetail, lingonberry leaf) will be useful for this disease.Such drugs have a supporting effect and help relieve inflammation.You should be aware of the possibility of an allergic reaction to herbs.Cranberry juice or fruit drink will be beneficial; tablets containing cranberry extract are effective.Such drugs reduce the concentration of the antibiotic, so they can be used after the end of the course of treatment.
- Antispasmodic drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will help relieve pain.
- Some sexually transmitted infections can lead to cystitis in men.The treatment regimen is prescribed by a specialist.
- Immunomodulators and probiotics.Such remedies help the body recover after a course of antibiotics.They are not directly involved in the treatment of the disease.Immunomodulators help the body fight pathogens, and probiotics restore intestinal microflora.
- The course of treatment depends on concomitant diseases, such as pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, adenomectomy, prostatitis.Therapy for these diseases is necessary to cure cystitis.
- Bladder lavage.In some cases, this procedure is recommended using antiseptics; the use of novocaine blockades is effective.
- Physiotherapy.At the end of the acute period of the disease, in order to accelerate the recovery of the body and resorption, ultrasound procedures, UHF, mud therapy, magnetic laser therapy, and electrophoresis are used.